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International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 1660-1677
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Prometheus. Critical Studies in Innovation
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Especially after 1990’s, important results have emerged with the rapid transformation process in the world by the concept of globalization. It is emphasized that cities are the center of spatial transformation where the globalization mostly effected. The economic and technological developments have caused the fluidity of capital in this manner cities have to bring out their potentials more than ever
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This chapter explores the economy of cities in greater detail. First, it gives a summary of the growth and development of cities over time with respect to their economic function. One of the most important trends over the past century has been rapid urbanisation tied to industrialisation. In some parts of the world, there has been subsequent deindustrialisation. Next, the chapter focusses on the spatial implications of economic change in cities. As urban economies shift over time, so do the characteristics of the built environment, including employment nodes and residential housing. Suburbanisation driven by increasing car ownership has been an important process, but has occurred unevenly in different contexts. The chapter concludes by considering how cities have changed in the recent past, and how economic functions tied to the information age continue to transform cities and urban spatial structure. UNDERSTANDING ECONOMIC CITIES Economic processes play a key role in shaping cities, and cities play a key role in shaping the economy. This chapter focusses on the distribution of economic activity within cities and between cities. It begins with a brief summary of how economic processes have evolved in cities, then focuses on how urban form has mirrored economic shifts over time. These processes unfold at many scales, and as we show-cities are increasingly affected by global phenomena. The growth and development of cities in many ways parallels the trajectory of the world's economy, with today's large-scale urbanization (>50% of global population) being relatively recent in the history of human settlement.
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In this paper, I propose to set out some thoughts about theory and research on global urbanism. I use this term for convenience's sake, because no single concept sufficiently describes how our understanding of cities and space is actually being shaped by a turn in world events that began more than a generation ago, when new technologies in communication and transport were becoming available that would allow for the first-ever coordination of a global system production and markets in something approximating real time. By the late 1970s, corporate capital in the capitalist West was in a serious crisis of accumulation that led not only to the search for lower-cost production sites "off-shore" but also to an extraordinary concentration of capital, as smaller corporations were bought out and merged with dinosaur-sized conglomerates. The visible results were both, a shift of many production facilities abroad and de-industrialization at home. Thus was born the idea of a post-.
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